rajasthan
JAIPUR
Jaipur is the capital of Rajasthan. The city was founded in AD 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II. Jaipur is popularly known as the Pink City, with broad avenues spacious gardens.
The city is surrounded on all sides by rugged hills, crowned with forts enclosed by embattled walls. To the west lies the desert region of Marwar (Bikaner, Jaisalmer Jodhpur), to the north south run the craggy Aravali hills.
The whole city was painted in Pink colour by Maharaja Man Singh II when Prince of Wales, later Edward VII, visited Jaipur in 1876 AD. Today, every home within the city is obliged by law to maintain its facade. It is a very well planned city laid out in a grid pattern and was designed by a young Bengali engineer and scholar by the name "Vidyadhar Bhattacharya".
Jaipur was and remains the only city in the world, symbolising the nine divisions of the universe, through nine rectangular sectors sub-dividing it.The City Palace is the core of the royal residences in Jaipur. Each new Maharaja made his own additions to Sawai Jai Singh’s original city palace.
In the heart of the old city of Jaipur, the City Palace occupies a large area, divided into a series of courtyards, gardens, and buildings. The carved arches are supported by grey-white marble columns ornate with floral motifs in gold and colored stones. Two carved elephants in marble guard the entrance. The outer wall was built by Maharaja Jai Singh II, but other additions are much more recent, some dating back to the beginning of this century. The palace is a wonderful blend of Rajasthani and Mughal architecture.
The centre of the palace is the Chandra Mahal, private palace of the ruler, which is approached through a number of courtyards. Mubarak Mahal, in the first courtyard, is a guesthouse now used as a textile museum. A magnificent gateway with a grand door in brass is to be crossed to reach the Diwan-I-Khas in a stately courtyard. It is an open hall with a double row of columns with scalloped arches. On display here are two gigantic silver urns used by Madho Singh II to carry water from the holy Ganges on board the ocean liner when he travelled to London in 1902. These are the largest silver vessels in the world – 242.7 kilograms of silver was required to cast each urn, which could contain 8182 gallons of water. These urns figure in the Guinness Book of World Records.
At the eastern corner of this courtyard stands the Diwan-I-Aam, now a museum of miniature paintings, palanquins, manuscripts and Persian carpets . At the other corner stands the Ridhi Sidhi Pol, splendid gateway to the Pritam Chowk. Herein four smaller doorways are decorated with motifs depicting the four seasons. Of immense charm is the Peacock door. Chandra Mahal, the main royal residence, is seven storeyed and topped by Mukut Mandir, an elegant pavilion with a curvilinear roof. The various apartments and floors carry their own distinctive style of ornamentation to suit the ruler’s taste.
Such Niwas and Shobha Niwas are still occupied by the ex-Maharaja. Such Niwas has been painted in Wedgwood blue, ornamented with white lining. Only the ground floor is open to visitors. Through the glass panes you can see the Sri Govinda Temple, the first structure built by Sawai jai Singh in Jaipur. The Chandra Mahal is a fanciful medley of Mughal and Rajput architecture.
Opposite the Chandra Mahal lies the Badal Mahal. The Govind Devji Temple stands in the middle of the Chandra Mahal and the Badal Mahal. A delightful system of mountains is placed in the middle of the paved path between the Chandra Mahal and the Badal Mahal. The palace has extensive and sprawling gardens.
This remarkable city was considered a marvel of town planning and drew the peace loving merchants and craftsmen to its wide street and mohallas, which were earmarked for them. Traditional craps like jewellery, metalwork, enamelling, tie and dye, stone carving, pottery, leather work and miniature painting patronised by the rulers in the 18th century still continue to thrive to this day. It is a city with a timeless quality to it, a city where the ancient and the modem coexit in complete harmony. While the broad roads hour had to accommodate the increasing number vehicles, there is also a place for the camel and bullock arts as also the ever increasing tribe of cyclists. The pedestrian appears to fight for his place on the road and is perhaps one of the strongest links with the past. The colourfully attired women in their ghagra- odhani and men in spotless dhotis and equally colourful turbans… this is how all the men and women of the early 18th and 19th centuries must have looked. This fascinating city with its romantic charm, takes you to an epoch of royalty tradition.
Area : 64.75 sq.km (Municipal Limits), 9.8 sq.km (Pink City)
Altitude : 431 metres
Climate : Summer (High : 45 degree Celsius Low : 26 degree Celsius)
Winter (High : 22 degree Celsius Low : 8 degree Celsius)
List of Attractions :
Amer Palace
City Palace
Jai Garh
Hawa Mahal
Jal Mahal
Jantar Mantar
Nahargarh Fort
Sisodia Rani Ka Bagh
Rajasthan is a land of desert and to get an identity of desert tourism one have to go Rajasthan an its certain part for complete information on desert though out the year desert presents some fair and festivals and are the primary attraction to know what is desert. In rajasthan some different districts are very much popular to know the presentation of desert tourism and that are possible through Ajmer, Bikaner Jaisalmer, Jodhpur. Here a detail about desert tourism it’s present in the following way to highlight the tour renowned the Rajasthan.
Desert tourism is Resource of India by which it can present the Indian economy as well as development of tourism sector for the benefits of overall industries. These places are the most densely populated and vibrating deserts of the world with a colorful heritage.
Ajmer
Ajmer is situated in the heart of the desert of Rajasthan. The city is a blend of Sufi culture Hindu religion. The city was founded by Raja Ajay Pal Chauhan in 7th Century AD Ajmer was the seat of administration for the Chauhans, till Prithviraj was defeated in 1193 AD by Mohammed Ghori. It then became a part of the Delhi Sultanate.
However, Rana Kumbha of Mewar Raja Maldeo again established Rajput rule over Ajmer. Since then, Ajmer became home to many dynasties, which came left, leaving behind marks of their culture traditions. The city’s history, was converted to an amalgam of various cultures a blend of Hinduism Islam.
Today, Ajmer is a popular pilgrimage center for the Hindus as well as the Muslims. Especially famous is the Dargah Sharif, tomb of the Sufi saint, Khwaja Moinuddin Chisti, which is equally revered by the Hindus Muslims.
Area : 55.76 sq.km
Altitude : 486 metres
Climate : Summer (High : 38 degree Celsius Low : 27 degree Celsius)
Winter (High : 23 degree Celsius Low : 5 degree Celsius)
Rainfall : 38 to 51 cms.
List of Attractions :
Ana Sagar Lake
Dargah Sharif
Nasiyan
Adhai-Din-Ka Jhonpara
Bikaner
This royal, walled city is a part of the desert tourist triangle, lies on the northern tip of the triangle. The city was founded in 1486 AD by the Rathore prince, Rao Bikaji, hence the name “Bikaner”. Bikaji was son of Rao Jodhaji, who had asked his son to establish a kingdom of his own. The challenge was accepted Bikaji chose the wild country “Jangaldesh” as his territory thus the city of Bikaner came into existence.
A 7 km wall with 5 entrances was built to protect the city from vagaries of the desert any external aggression. The city flourished as an important trade centre between Gujarat seaports West Asian countries. The unbroken line of descendants of Bikaji ruled Bikaner till India got independence. Bikaner is known for good breed of riding camels, which are among the best in the world. The Camel Festival held every year is famous all over the globe. Bikaner has many magnificent buildings made of Reddish Pink sandstone that transcends the surrounding barren wilderness. Unlike other cities of Rajasthan, Bikaner has been able to preserve its traditional aura of the medieval era.
Area : 18 sq.km
Altitude : 237 metres
Climate : Summer (High : 42 degree Celsius Low : 28 degree Celsius)
Winter (High : 23 degree Celsius Low : 5 degree Celsius)
Rainfall : 26 to 44 cms.
List of Attractions :
Junagarh Fort
Bhandeshwar Jain Temple
Lalgadh Palace
The Ganga Golden Jubilee Museum
Jodhpur
Set at the edge of the Thar desert, the imperial city of Jodhpur, echoes with tales of antiquity in the emptiness of the desert. Once the capital of the Marwar state, it was founded in 1459 AD by Rao Jodhaji – chief of the Rathore clan of Rajputs, who claimed to be descendants of Rama – the epic hero of the Ramayana. The massive 15th century AD Mehrangarh fort looms on the top of a rocky hill, soaring 125 mts, above the plains.
The city is encompassed by a high wall – 10 km long, with 8 gates, innumerable bastions. A major trade centre of the 16th century AD, the fortress-city of Jodhpur is now the second largest city of Rajasthan. While the graceful palaces, forts temples strewn throughout the city bring alive the historic grandeur, exquisite handicrafts, folk dances, music the brightly attired people lend a romantic aura to the city.
Area : 29 sq.km
Altitude : 236.5 metres
Climate : Summer (High : 42 degree Celsius Low : 36 degree Celsius)
Winter (High : 27 degree Celsius Low : 15 degree Celsius)
Rainfall : 31 cms.
List of Attractions :
Mehrangarh Fort
Umaid Bhawan Palace
Mandore
Jaswant Thada
Government Museum
Clock Tower
Jaisalmer
Much has been written about Jaisalmer but nothing can prepare the visitor for the sheer magic and brilliance of this Desert City. Very few cities can boast of the magnificence which surrounds Jaisalmer. Here is a fort that seems to rise out of desert haze, its yellow sandstone wall and bastions taking on a golden hue in the afternoon sun.
Rawal Jaisal laid the foundation of this city in 1156 after consulting a local hermit by the name of Eesul. Tricuta was the hill chosen and Jaisal abandoned his old fort at Lodurva and established this new capital. The Bhatti Rajputs of Jaisalmer were feared bandit chiefs who lived off the forced levis on the great caravans that crossed their area en route Delhi. These caravans, laden with precious cargoes of spices and silk brought great wealth to this town. Not only the princes but even the merchants prospered and their riches were displayed in the exquisitely carved and ornamented havelies which they built. Over the years, the remote location of Jaisalmer kept it almost untouched by outside influences and even during the days of the British ‘Raj, Jaisalmer was the last to sign the Instrument of Agreement with the British. Akbar the Great Mughal emperor was born in Amarkot, now in Pakistan, but close to Jaisalmer. This remote desert citadel is today famous for its carved havelies, its cobbled streets and its ancient Jain temples.
Area : 5.1sq.km.
Altitude : 225 metres
Climate: Summer (High : 45.6 degree Celsius Low : 25 degree Celsius)
Winter (High : 23.6 degree Celsius Low : 7.9 degree Celsius)
Rainfall : 15 cms.
List of Attractions :
Jaisalmer Fort
Gadsisar lake
Amarsagar
Badabagh
Jain temples
Deser National park
Lodurva
Sam sand dunes
Wood Fossil park
Kota
Kota lies along the eastern bank of the Chambal river. It is an amazing example of majestic medieval age modern industrialisation. Its wealth of impressive forts, opulent palaces splendid temples of past centuries, retain their former glory. Its present-day edifice heavy industries have made it the industrial heartland of Rajasthan.
The history of the city dates back to the 12th century AD, when chieftain Rao Deva, conquered the territory founded Bundi Hadoti. Later in the early 17th century AD, during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir, the ruler of Bundi – Rao Ratan Singh, gave the smaller principality of Kota to his son, Madho Singh. Since then, Kota became a hallmark of Rajput gallantry culture.
The commanding fort stands overlooking the modern Chambal Valley Project, with its many dams – Kota Barrage, Gandhi Sagar, Rana Pratap Sagar Jawahar Sagar. An old palace, dating back to the time when it was under the control of the Hada chieftancy, faces the Kota Barrage. The Durbar Hall is ornate with beautiful mirror work has ebony ivory doors. Exquisite miniatures of the Kota School are housed within the hall. Other noteworthy edifices of the bygone era are the Brij Bhawan Palace, Jag Mandir – an island palace, a splendid “Haveli”(mansion) with beautiful frescoes the royal cenotaphs.
Area : 193.58 sq.km
Altitude : 251.1 metres
Climate : Summer (High : 43 degree Celsius Low : 30 degree Celsius)
Winter (High : 25 degree Celsius Low : 12 degree Celsius)
Rainfall : 88 cms.
List of Attractions :
Brijraj Bhawan Palace
Umed Bhawan Palace
Haveli of Devtaji
Jag Mandir
Udaipur
In the harsh terrain of the hills ravines of Aravallis, flourishes the city of lakes, Udaipur. One of the most romantic places in India, Udaipur is situated around the shimmering clear blue water lakes, which whisper the mood of a bygone era.
The city was founded in 1567 AD by Maharana Udai Singh on the advice of a sage. Udaipur was last of the numerous Mewar capitals. It was in Udaipur that legendary Maharana Pratap was born. He was obsessed with Chittaur the past glories of the Sisodia clan. Maharana Pratap left Udaipur to win back Chittaur from the Mughals. He failed in his attempts Udaipur remained the capital of Mewar till India got her independence. The memory of the failure of noble Pratap gives Udaipur its pervading mood of nostalgic wistfulness.
City Palace of Udaipur, the majestic white royal building towers itself on a hill and is surrounded by crenellated walls. The palace was completed in its present form by the contribution of many rulers. Originally started by Udai Singh, the later additions were so carefully planned and integrated with the original building that it becomes difficult to believe that the building was not conceived as a whole. The palace stands along the shores of Lake Pichola.
Approach to the palace is through the 'Hati Pol' or the 'Elephant Gate'. The 'Bara Pol' or the 'great gate' leads to the first court, which joins Tripolia or the 'triple gate'. Between the two gates are eight carved 'toranas' or arches, which mark the spot where the rulers were weighed against gold or silver, the equivalent value of which was then distributed among the poor. Beyond the Tripolia is the arena where the elephant fights were staged.
The path then leads to a series of courtyards, overlapping pavilions, terraces, corridors and hanging gardens - a harmonious profusion hard to describe.The soft cream coloured central 'Chhatri' has facing of blue coloured tiles with massive octagonal towers crowned with cupolas. The Sheesh Mahal has inlaid mirror work. The Krishna Vilas has a series of miniature paintings, which are witness to the royal processions, festivals and the game of 'Chogan'.
The Chini Chitrashala is famous for its Chinese and Dutch tiles, the latter of which has depiction of Biblical scenes including the flight to Egypt. Radha-Krishna stories are painted on the walls of the Bhim Vilas. The glass mosaic gallery with its superb stained glasses and portraits afford a panoramic view of the city below. The Mor Chowk has a brilliant mosaic of peacocks set in the walls showing the three seasons: summer, winter and monsoon. There are exquisite terrace gardens with fountains in the Amar Vilas.
There is also a museum in the fort which houses the armour of the valiant Maharana Pratap and the drums & bugles of Rana Sanga, another Mewar ruler.
The city acquires its scenic beauty from the Aravallis. Three lakes – Pichola, Fateh Sagar Udai Sagar make it an oasis in the desert.
Area : 37 sq.km
Altitude : 577 metres
Climate : Summer (High : 38 degree Celsius Low : 29 degree Celsius)
Winter (High : 28 degree Celsius Low : 12 degree Celsius)
Rainfall : 61 cms.
List of Attractions :
City Palace
Lake Palace
Mount Abu
Mount Abu is a pleasant retreat set amidst the lush forested hills. This hill station is a green oasis in the barren desertscape of Rajasthan. Situated at the southern tip of the Aravali range, the hill retreat owes its cool climate to its rich flora covering the entire hillside that includes coniferous trees and flowering shrubs. The road leading to Mt. Abu is a curved one characterised by an arid region dotted with huge rocks in weird shapes and high velocity winds.
The only hill station in Rajasthan, Mount Abu is more than just a summer retreat. Its stunning array of exquisite Delwara Jain temples, dating back to 11th -13th centuries, makes it a popular pilgrimage centre. 'Abu' according to a legend, stands for the son of Himalaya, deriving its name from Arbuada, the powerful serpent who rescued Nandi, the bull of Lord Shiva, from a chasm.
Mount Abu has been home to many sages and saints. Most famous of them was Sage Vashishtha who is believed to have created four agnikula Rajput clans from a fire-pit by performing a 'yagna' of fire sacrifice, to protect the earth. The Yagna was performed besides a natural spring situated below Abu, emerging from a rock, shaped like a cow's head and hence the site was called Gaumukh.
Prime Sites :
Gaumukh Temple: A natural spring flowing through a sculpted cow’s head gives the shrine its name. The famous ‘yagna’ of Sage Vashishtha was performed here. A beautifully sculpted hill temple of Arbuada – the mighty serpent, stands against the beautiful backdrop. Nearby is the magnificent marble image of Nandi, the celestial bull rescued by Arbuada.
Nakki Lake: A tiny lake, picturesquely set amid hills. The lake is dotted with several islets approachable by a boat. Of particular interest are strange rock formations around the lake. Especially notable is the Toad Rock which looks like a real toad about to jump into the lake. Others are Nun Rock and Nandi Rock etc. Set in the heart of the town, the lake gets its name from the legend that it was scooped out by the gods with their finger nails or ‘Nakh’. It is the only artificial lake in India that is 1200mts, above sea level.
Adhar Devi Temple: The temple is chiselled out of a huge rock reached by a flight of 360 stairs.
Sunset Point: Spectacular sight of the setting sun when the hills are covered in the golden glow can be viewed from here.
Delwara Jain Temples: These beautifully carved temples built between 11th and 13th century A.D. are sheer elegance in marble, dedicated to the Jain Tirthankaras.The Vimal Vasahi temple is the oldest of these dedicated to the first Tirthankaras. Built in 1031 A.D. (by Vimal Shah – a merchant and representative of the then Gujarat ruler), it is a superb example of temple architecture. The central shrine has an image of Rishabhdev and large courtyard with 52 small shrines, each housing a beautiful statue of tirthankaras with 48 elegantly carved pillars form the entrance to the courtyard. The Lun Vasahi Temple, dedicated to the 22nd Tirthankaras – Neminath, was built in 1231 A.D. by two brothers – Vastupal and Tejpal, Ministers of Raja Vir Dhawal, a ruler of Gujarat – belonging to the Porwal Jain community.With door casings. pillars, architraves, and sculptures on porticos, the temple is a fine specimen of craftsmanship.
Shri Raghunathji Temple: Situated near the ‘Nakki lake’ is the temple dedicated to Shri Raghunathji with a beautiful image of the deity that was placed here in 14th century A.D. by Sri Ramanand – the famous Hindu Preacher.
Gardens and Parks: Beautifully laid parks and gardens are interspersed throughout the hilly paradise. Ashok Vatika, Gandhi Park, Municipal Park, Shaitan Singh Park, and Terrace Garden are some of the noteworthy gardens.
Museum and Art Gallery: Located at the Raj Bhawan, it has a collection of archaeological excavations dating back to 8th -12th century A.D. It also has Jain bronze carvings, brassworks etc., for viewing.
Adhai – Din – Ka – Jhonpra
A remarkable structure, this is a masterpiece of Indo-Islamic architecture located on the outskirts, of the city of Ajmer, just beyond the Dargah. As the legend goes, its construction took two and a half days (Adhai-Din) to complete. It was originally a Sanskrit college, built within a temple. In 1193 A.D. Mohhamed Ghauri conquered Ajmer and converted the building into a mosque by adding a seven arched wall in front of the pillared hall in just two-and-half days(adhai-din) and hence the name. The distinct pillars and arched "Screen" with its ruined minarets make it a splendid architectural masterpiece. The archways are finely engraved with Kufi and Jughra inscriptions from the Holy Koran.
Ajmer Sharif
At the foot of a barren hill, is situated India's most important pilgrimage centre for people from all faiths, the dargah of Khwaja Moin-ud-din Chisti at Ajmer Sharif. It is situated 135 km from Jaipur and is renowned for fulfilling the wishes of the followers. Apart from the devout Muslims, people of other religions throng the holy dargah and pray for the fulfillment of their desires. Khwaja Moinuddin Chisti was a Sufi saint who came to India from Persia in 1192 AD with Mohammad Ghori's invading army and died here in 1236. Hazrat Khwaja Moin-ud-din Chisti was the founder of Islam in India, a Sufi saint who came to Ajmer from Persia and died in 1236. He was one of the greatest preachers in the world. The revered prophet undertook to propagate Islam in India by the most peaceful means and with great forbearance. When Khwaja arrived, the Muslim community in India was not as large as it is now. The Khwaja, by his noble teachings, touched the hearts of everyone who came his way. The construction of the shrine was started by the Sultan of Delhi Altamash, and completed by Emperor Humayun
The shrine attracts thousands of pilgrims during the Urs - commemorating the death anniversary of the Saint, held from the 1st to 6th day of the Islamic month of Rajab. A famous historic ritual at the Dargah is when two massive cauldrons (capacities: 4480 kgs and 2240 kgs) are filled with rice, dry fruits and condiments and then 'looted' by professionals who slide down into it. It is then sold off as sanctified food.
Emperor Akbar is said to have made two pilgrimages here on foot all the way from Agra: once when an heir was finally born to him, to fulfill a vow that he had made and again when he won against Chittor. The Shrine is believed by people of different faiths to have the power to make their prayers come true.
The entry to the Dargah is through the Buland Darwaza built by the Nizam of Hyderabad. On the right side of the courtyard is the Akbari Masjid built in white marble. It leads to the inner courtyard. The high gateway has beautifully carved silver doors. The grave of the Sufi Saint is surrounded by a silver railing and is partially covered with a marble screen. The daughter of Shah Jahan had built a prayer room in the Dargah for the women devotees. The premises of the Dargah also has the tomb of Bhishti, tomb of Bili Hafiz Jama, tomb of Shah Jahan's daughter Chimni Begum.
Amber Fort
Amber Fort is located, high on the rugged hills, 9 kms north west of Jaipur. The fort can be ascended by riding painted elephants. The fort overlooks the Delhi Jaipur highway. The image of the fort is beautifully reflected in the lake below.
The Amber fort was once the capital of the “Minas”. Raja Man Singh started constructing this fort – *** – palace in 1592, and was subsequently completed by Sawai Jai Singh. He was a commander in Akbar’s armed forces.
Within the fort lies the famous Jai Mandir (Temple) with its world renowned Sheesh Mahal, a hall full of Mirrors. The walls and the ceiling of the Mahal are covered with a beautiful array of mirrors, which reflect any streak of light, so as to illuminate the entire room. Located in the fort is the Maha Kali temple. The idol is made of black marble and is very attractive. The carvings found here are of Lord Vishnu, Lord Krishna and Meera Bai. There are a few Jain temples here, of which the Mahaveer temple is the oldest. The Ram Niwas gardens here have a zoo with birds, animals and a crocodile park.
Ana Sagar Lake
In a valley surrounded by hills lies the Ana Sagar lake, located to the north of Ajmer city. The lake was made during 1135 – 1150 AD century by building a dam across the river Luni and named after the then ruler Anaji Chauhan. The Daulat Bagh on the banks of the lake has a series of white marble baradaris (pavilions) built by Shah Jahan in 1637.
The temple of Khobra Behroon on the south bank of Ana Sagar offers a panoramic view of the lake and Daulat Bagh. The temple's name is derived from the word khobra, which means `mischievous', and according to tradition a newly wed couple must pay their respects to the temple or else - married life can be full of unforseen complications!
Bada Bagh
Only three kms north of Jaisalmer, Bada Bagh is a fertile oasis, with a huge old dam on the banks of an artificial lake. The enchantingly scenic backdrop of a dainty lake and the dam in the middle of the plateau, add to the beauty of the place. Much of the city’s fruit and vegetables are grown here and carried into the town each day by colourfully attired women. Above the gardens, surrounded by dense trees, are royal cenotaphs with beautifully carved ceiling and equestrian statues of former rulers.
The royal cremation grounds are set between the desert and a rain fed lake, built by Maharaja Jai Singh II. A wheat crop is planted as the lake dries up each year.
In the murky dusk, this is a popular place to watch the setting sun, turn Jaisalmer into a beautiful golden brown land. Situated off the Ramgarh Road, the park is accessible any time.
Birla Mandir
Birla Mandir or the Lakshmi - Narayan temple, situated just below the Mooti Doongari, which is a replica of a Scottish castle, is one of the most revered Hindu temples, dedicated to Shri Lakshmi-Narayan. This modern temple built of marble in the Nagara style is housed in the University town of Pilani in Rajasthan and is famous for its exquisitely intricate carvings in white marble.
Jagat Pita Shri Brahma Mandir
Brahma Temple is probably the most important of all the temples at Pushkar, and one of the very few Brahma temples in existence in India. Built in the 14th century, it stands on a high plinth with marble steps leading up to it.
A silver turtle is set on the floor facing the sanctum-sanctorum or garbha-griha. Around the turtle, the marble floor is inset with hundreds of silver coins, placed by devotees from all over India to commemorate the births and deaths of their loved ones. Coins engraved with donor's names are also embedded in the walls. Peacocks adorn the temple walls as they are supposed to be the vehicle of Lord Brahma's consort Saraswati. A small image of the milkmaid Gayatri, flanks the four-faced image of lord Brahma and is called Chaumurti. The sanctuary has silver doors inside a carved marble gateway
Clock Tower
In the old city of Jodhpur, the clock tower is a prominent land mark. The main attraction though, is the Sadar market. The market has kept alive the old haat bazaar culture.
Deeg Water Palace
Hardly 35 kilometers from Bharatpur town is Deeg, famous for its water palaces. Perhaps, the king was very fond of monsoons; he had tried to create the magic of the monsoons through extensive use of multicolored fountains all around the palace. It is said that there are more than 2000 fountains which when operated together created the sounds of rains and even thunderstorms! The inside of the beautiful palace called “Gopal Bhawan” is also replete with this theme. The palace complex is surrounded by water on three sides and even houses a marble building looted from the Mughal fort in Delhi.
The pleasure palaces are set around formal Mughal gardens and are considered by some to be second only to the Taj Mahal in their beauty and symmetry. The Bharatpur royal family lived in the palace here until 1951. Inside you can still see their furniture and objects d'art.
The palaces were built in the mid 1700’s as a place of refuge from the battles, the Bharatpur rulers were constantly engaged in. The pavilions mirror the architectural traditions of the Mughals, with drooping eaves, water channels, gardens, and carved archways. Inside, the walls are embellished with carved motifs of flowers and peacocks.
Eklingji Temple
This temple, actually a complex of 108 small temples, lies in Eklinkji(Kailashpuri), a town situated in a beautiful valley, 12 miles to the north of Udaipur. Eklingji, an incarnation of Lord Shiva, was the tutelary deity of the Maharanas of Mewar.
This temple is said to have been built in the 8th century by Bappa Rawal the first of the great Sisodia Kings, and rebuilt in the 15th century. The main temple is of an unusual design: built of marble, it has a clustered, carved tower and a mandap, roofed with a pyramid of miniature architectural motifs. The sanctum sanctorum has a four-faced image of Shiva, carved in black marble, representing Brahma facing west, Vishnu facing north, Maheshwar facing south and 'Surya' (Sun) facing the east. The flat top of the composite idol is covered with a Yantra, a mystic symbolic drawing, standing for the ultimate reality.
Outside the main sanctuary is a large statue of Bappa Rawal standing beside Nandi, Lord Shiva's bull. According to legend, Allaudin Khilji, Sultan of Delhi attacked the temple in the late 13th century and struck this Nandi idle with his mace. Out of its hollow interior a swarm of angry bees emerged and attacked the Sultan, forcing him to call off his attack.
The temple occupies an area of about 2500 sq. feet and is about 65 feet in height. The temple area is fortified with a strong wall running around it. The main entrance to the temple on the western side welcomes visitors into a big hall resting on lavishly carved pillars.
Other deities housed in the temple complex include Parvati, Ganesha, Ganga, Kartikeya, Yamuna and Saraswati. There are also small temples dedicated to Amba Mata, Kalka Mata and Ganesh in the temple complex. There is another temple called Nathon Ka Mandir in the temple complex with inscriptions dating back to the 10th century AD. No worship is offered here.
There are two tanks situated on the northern side of the temple - Karz Kund and Tulsi Kund. Water from these tanks is utilized for temple services. Temple services are performed in a very elaborate manner in the Vedic and Tantric styles - everyday beginning at 4 a.m. in the morning. Shivratri is an important religious event, when the image of the deity is decked with jewellery.
Fateh Sagar Lake
The picturesque Fateh Sagar Lake, located north of Lake Pichola, northwest of main Udaipur city, is overlooked by a number of hills on the three sides and Pratap Memorial on the north. The lake was built by Maharana Fateh Singh. Maharana Jai Singh originally built it in 1678 AD, but later heavy rains destroyed the dam. It was reconstructed by Maharana Fateh Singh and hence it got the name.
In the middle of the lake is Nehru Park-a lovely garden island with a boat shaped café accessible by an enjoyable boat ride. The larger shape of the lake resembles the map of India. This water body has lately become a second major source of drinking water for the city of Udaipur. The main feeder canal of the lake comes from Madar Tank situated at a higher altitude about 15 km from Udaipur city.
Lake Fateh Sagar is also connected to the adjoining Lake Pichola through a canal having gates. The runoff emerging from surrounding hillocks drains into this lake. Along the eastern shore line runs a beautiful serpentine road, which has a stone wall on the lake periphery. This lake has got three prominent islands.
Gadsisar Lake
Gadsisar Lake in Jaisalmer, the rainwater fed reservoir, was built in 1156 AD and rebuilt in 1367AD by Maharwal Garsisingh. Until 1965, it remained the city’s only water supply. It is adorned with an arched gateway, which is believed to have been built by a courtesan. The Tilon ki Pol, the palatial archway at the water’s edge, was built by a local maid. The dismayed king tried to severe it down, but not the one to stay behind, Tilon constructed a tiny temple along the lake, dedicated to Lord Satyanarayan (Krishna, as truth) and ensured the building’s survival. Along the lakeshore and on the islands, is a plethora of little temples and cenotaphs. Arrayed all around the tank, are many small shrines and temples. An extraordinary plumage of birds can be seen here.The small museum here has displays of folk art.
Hawa Mahal
Hawa Mahal is the most strikingly designed monument in Jaipur. Built by the Poet-King Sawai Pratap Singh in 1799, it is located in the Tripolia Bazaar to the west of GPO. Built to let the ladies of royal harem watch the royal possessions, Hawa Mahal is not a palace as the name suggests. Hawa Mahal is the part of the east wall of the City Palace complex. Most well known of Jaipur's buildings, you can have the best views of this great building from the street outside.
Jag-Mandir
Amid the picturesque artificial lake of Kishore Sagar, constructed in 1346 AD by Prince Dher Deh of Bundi, stands the enchanting palace of Jag Mandir. The azure waters around the red-sandstone monument enhances its beauty. Boat-rides can be enjoyed in the lake. The Keshar Bagh famous for its royal cenotaphs lies in the vicinity..
Jaigarh Fort
Jaigarh Fort, also known as the fort of victory, is a rugged structure built in 1726 by Sawai Jai Singh. It was the royal treasury for several years. The fort is perched on a cliff and is surrounded by huge battlements with inside walkways offering stunning views on all sides. One of the most impregnable and unapproachable forts in the world, it has several cunningly designed features to give the forces inside a cutting edge. The World's largest cannon on wheel, Jaivan, can be found here.
Also of interest is the intricate water supply and storage system, which is considered a marvel of planning. Situated in the north of Jaipur, the fort also houses a beautiful museum and gives breathtaking views of Jaipur below and Amber Fort.
The western skyline is dominated by the extensive 'parkotas' (walls), watchtowers and gateways of Jaigarh. It is one of the few military structures of medieval India preserved almost intact, containing palaces, gardens, open and covered reservoirs, a granary, an armoury, a well-planned cannon foundry, several temples and a tall tower.
Jain Temple
Ranakpur is located in the mountain ranges of Pali district, 23 kms away from the Phalna railway station. The Jain temples in Ranakpur were built during the region of the liberal and gifted monarch Rana Kumbha in the 15th century.
The entire temple area is enclosed within a wall. The main ‘Chamukha’ temple is dedicated to the tirthankara, Rishabdeoji and a four-faced image is enshrined in the inner sanctum, open on all four sides. The temple has a 4,500 square yard basement and is the largest Jain temple in India. There are four subsidiary shrines, twenty four pillared halls and eight domes supported by over four hundred columns. The total number of columns is 1,444, all of which are intricately carved. The creativity and beauty of the artistic works is unimaginable and the variety is such, that no two of the 1444 columns are alike. A special effect is the amazing play of shadow, light and colours. As the light shifts through the temple over the day, the colour of the columns changes from white over bluish to gold, a corridor around the shrine has niches for the tirthankara images and each niche has its spire or shikhar. Little bells are festooned atop each shikar and their jingling in the breeze creates celestial music. A small shrine dedicated to Prashvanath faces the main temple. It has a black image of the tirthankara in the inner sanctum.
When the Mogul emperor Akbar visited this temple, he was so full of admiration that he had made an inscription on one of the columns, which says, that, “no one ever will be allowed to destroy this jewel of architecture”.
Jaisalmer Fort
Jaisalmer Fort was built in 1156 by the Rajput ruler Jaisala. About a quarter of the old city's population resides within the fort walls. The fort is approached through a forbidding series of massive gateways – (Akhaiyal, Ganesh Pol, Suraj Pol and Hava Pol) leading to a large courtyard. It has an enchanting cow-web of narrow lanes dotted with some lovely havelis, three beautifully sculptured Jain Temples of the 12th-15th century A.D. and five interconnected palaces.
Jaisamand Lake
Fifty one kms south east of Udaipur, lies Jaisamand or Jai Samundra lake, one of the largest artificial sheet of fresh water in asia. Fourteen kms in length & nine kms in width, the lake has a circumference of nearly 88 kilometers. The dam measures 330 mts. in length and 35 meters in height. It was built by the late Maharana Jaisingh, who on its inauguration on 2nd June, 1691 walked around it distributing gold equal to his own weight in charity. He built six chhatries (Cenatophs) with finely embroidered elephants in front and the temple of lord Shiva in the center on the embarkment. Close to Jaisamand is the Jaisamand Wildlife Sanctuary, which is spread over an area of about 45 kilometers and has a motarable road. The sanctuary shelters wild animals like panthers, spotted deer, sambhars, etc.
Jal Mahal
Jal Mahal was built by Sawai Pratap Singh in 1799 AD in the midst of the Man Sagar Lake as a pleasure spot. It is Jaipur's lake palace surrounded with water. It is built for royal duck shooting parties. The Lake was formed by constructing a dam between the two hills by Sawai Man Singh I. During the winter months one can see a large number of migratory birds at the lake.
Jantar Mantar
Translated into ‘Instruments of Measuring the Harmony of the Heavens’, Jantar Mantar was built by Sawai Jai Singh between 1728 and 1734. At the entrance to the City Palace in Jaipur, is Jantar Mantar, the 'Yantralaya' of Sawai Jai Singh II, the last great classical astronomer in India. The modernistic structures known as 'Yantras' are the unique creations of this astronomer-king designed by him and built by experts to observe the movements of sun, moon, planets and the stars.
Its massive masonry instruments are of an extraordinary precision & can still be used to measure local time, the sun's declination, azimuth & altitude, the declination of fixed stars & planets & also to determine the time of an eclipse of the sun.
Major Yantras or instruments that you can watch moving clockwise are:
• Small 'Samrat'
• 'Dhruva'
• 'Narivalya'
• The Observer's Seat
• Small 'Kranti'
• 'Raj'
• 'Unnathamsa'
• 'Disha'
• 'Dakshina'
• Large 'Samrat'
• 'Rashivalayas'
• 'Jai Prakash'
• Small 'Ram'
• Large 'Ram Yantra'
• 'Diganta'
• Large 'Kranti'
Jaswant Thada
This white marble memorial to Maharaja Jaswant Singh II is a short distance from the fort, just off the fort road. The cenotaph, built in 1899, in Jodhpur, was followed by the royal crematorium and three other cenotaphs which stand nearby. There is some beautiful marble jali work and fine views from the terrace in front of the cenotaph. Some rare portraits of the rulers of Jodhpur are also displayed here.
Junagarh Fort
Junagarh fort, located in Bikaner, is one of the most imposing forts of Northern India, remaining unconquered till date. This fort was built in 15th century by one of the most able and trusted generals of Akbar, Raja Rai Singh. Raja Rai Singh constructed this palace in the years 1588 - 1593, in red sandstone. The Junagarh Fort has defied all the attacks except for the brief stint by Kamaran who captured the fort but was unable to retain his victory more than 24 hours.
The fort has a moat around it and the wall surrounding the fort is 986 meters long. The fort has 37 balconies and kiosks embellishing the structure at intervals. The palace has two imposing entrances. The entrance to this fort is through Suraj Pol (Sun Gate).
Within the fort are number of palaces, the Chandra Mahal or the Moon Palace has carved marble panels and brilliant paintings. The Phool mahal is a coronation hall and is ornately decorated with lacquer, mirror and glass. The Har Mandir is the majestic chapel where the royal weddings and the celebrations of birth were held. The Karan Mahal was built to mark the victory over Mogul king Aurangzeb. The multi-storeyed Anup Mahal was the governance chambers for the rulers. Like these places, there are a number of places within the fort, adorned with gigantic columns, arches and graceful screens. The fort has a library, which contains books in Persian and Sanskrit. Palanquins and armory used by the Maharaja are also put on display in the fort.
The beautifully maintained rooms now display the treasures of the Royal family. Also worth visiting are the Ganga Niwas, Dungar Niwas, Vijai Mahal, and Rang Mahal. The fort museum has an extensive collection of illuminated manuscripts, jewellery, jars and carpets, arms and weapons, treaties, decorations and the 'Farmans'.
Kirti Stambh (Tower of Fame)
The Kirti Stambh (Tower of Fame), located in Chittorgarh, was built in the 12th century. Built by Jain merchants, it is dedicated to Adinath, the first Jain Tirthankara. Hundreds of naked figures of Jain Tirthankaras adorn the face of the monument. It is a seven storeyed structure with a cramped stairway of 54 steps. It is 30 feet at the base and narrows down to 15 feet at the top.
Kumbhalgarh Fort
The Kumbhalgarh fort is 84 kms from Udaipur. The fort located in Kumbhalgarh, was built by Maharana Kumbha in the 15th century. Kumbhalgarh Fort is perched on the Aravallis, and this otherwise inaccessible fort can only be reached by jeep from Kelwara after crossing the seven great gates.
The fort extends over 12 kms and encloses many temples, palaces and gardens. The walls of the fort stretch for 36km and are said to be the longest after the Great Wall of China. The Badal Mahal or Cloud Palace offers a spectacular bird’s eye view of the surrounding countryside.
Six kilometers from the fort is the Kumbhalgarh Sanctuary. The sanctuary is famous for its fauna such as the Wolf, Leopard, Jackal and a variety of birds. The sanctuary protects some of the rare species struggling for survival.
Lake Palace-Udaipur
Lake Palace or Jagat Niwas, located in Udaipur, is a white marble summer residence of the princes of Mewar, which was built in 1746 by Jagat Singh. Set on an island, the whole Palace appears to float on the blue water of Lake Pichola. The airy stucco complex with dainty balconies, terrace gardens, water fountains and arched windows, reflects the brightness of the sun, sky and lake. The interiors are profusely decorated with paintings, stained glass and crystal.
This former summer residence of the Royal family, has now been converted into a fabulous hotel. All the luxuries of the palace have been utilized in making the hotel as attractive and comfortable as possible. This Lake Palace Hotel is considered to be one of the best hotels in the world.
Lake Pichola
This scenic lake, that enraptured Maharaja Udai Singh, surrounded by Palaces, Temples, Ghats and Hills, is the largest in Udaipur & derives its name from Picholi village, flooded long ago so as to enlarge the lake .
Rising from the lake are the two island Palaces of Jag Niwas and Jag Mandir. Gangaur Ghat lies on the Bank of Lake Pichola and is famous for the Bird's eye view of The City Palace, Lake Palace, Jag Mandir, Bagore ki Haveli and a complete look of old City Havelis and Buildings. The old City had its origin from the Bank of Pichola. The placid Lake Pichola, has a masonry dam, known as the Badipol, and the lake is now four kms in length and three kms in width.
Lalgarh Palace
The Lalgarh Palace, located in Bikaner, was built by Maharaja Ganga Singh in memory of his father Maharaja Lal Singh. Around the turn of the 20th century Maharaja Ganga Singh decided that it was time to move out of Junagarh Fort and build a modern Palace that more clearly reflected the progressive new character of his kingdom. The result was the impressive Lalgarh palace. It took twenty-four years to complete, from 1902 to 1926.
Designed by Sir Swinton Jacob, this red sandstone monument is a fine blend of an oriental facade and an Occidental interior. The palace has beautiful latticework and filigree work. The palace has sprawling lawns with blooming bougainvillea and dancing peacocks.
The Royal family of Bikaner still resides in a part of the Palace and the other half is converted into a luxurious hotel and a museum known as Shri Sadul Museum. The museum covers the entire first floor of the palace and houses well preserved old photographs and trophies of wildlife. The palace has a billiards room, a library, a cards room and a smoking room. Belgian chandeliers, cut-glass ornaments, oil paintings and lamps add to it's charm. The library of the palace is supposed to have the largest collection of original Sanskrit manuscripts on parchments, copper and gold or silver plaques.
Maharana Pratap Memorial
On the top of Moti Magri or Pearl Hill, overlooking the Fateh Sagar Lake in Udaipur, is the bronze statue of Maharana Pratap on his horse Chetak. Known as Pratap Smarak (memorial), the statue is kept in a well laid out garden. Legend has it that Chetak jumped an abyss of extraordinary width in the battle of Haldighati to save his master’s life.
Mandore Garden
Situated 9 kms to the north of Jodhpur, Mandore was the capital of Marwar prior to the foundation of Jodhpur standing on a plateau overlooking the present Mandore Gardens. The extensive gardens with high rock terraces make it a popular local attraction and a picnic spot.
The gardens contain the cenotaphs of Jodhpur rulers, and the largest and the finest of them all, the soaring memorial to Maharaja Ajit Singh. Here, one may find a captivating collection of cremation-site memorials, mostly 17th-18th century set amidst surprisingly green, clean and hassle-free gardens.
The highlight of the Mandore Gardens include the graphic Hall of Heroes, a rock wall with high relief, brightly painted depictions of local heroes such as Pabuji and Chamunda. The highpoint of the garden is life like sculptures of Gods and Goddess and heroes of Folklore housed in cenotaphs
Mandore Gardens provide the perfect venue for The Marwar festival, held in memory of the heroes of Rajasthan. The festival is celebrated in the Hindu month of Ashwin (Sept.-Oct.) in Jodhpur.
Mehrangarh Fort
Built by Rao Jodha on the advice of a saint, the Mehrangarh fort lies on the slope of a steep hill in Jodhpur and is one of the largest forts in India. The fort has been a witness to the splendour of a bygone era. The beauty and the grandeur of numerous palaces in the fort, narrates a saga of hard sandstones yielding to the chisels of skilled Jodhpuri sculptures. To enter the fort, seven gates have to be crossed.
Some of these gates still bear marks of many a siege that this fort has withstood. Its very hard to imagine how any invader even thought of conquering this fort, which at places has 17 feet thick and 68 feet high walls.
The Mehrangarh Fort encloses many palaces, which are known for their intricate carvings and sprawling courtyards. Moti Mahal or the Pearl Palace has a delicately carved stone screen and treasures the Sringar Chowki, royal throne of Jodhpur. Umaid Villas displays the Rajput miniature paintings and Ajit Villas exhibits musical instruments and the royal costumes. Both these villas are joined by a beautiful mirror room.
The Jodhpur Coat of Arms is kept in the Phool Mahal. Walls of this Flower Palace is covered with paintings depicting various musical moods. The Maan Villas displays Rathore armoury and the 'Tent room'. This tent room is an imperial Mughal campaign tent, used by Shahjahan, but wrested by Jaswant Singh from Aurangzeb in a battle. Made of red velvet and embroidered with gold thread, it gives some idea of the grandeur with which the Mughals approached even their battles.
Nahargarh Fort
The Nahargarh fort also known as Sudarshangarh was built in 1734 AD by Sawai Jai Singh for Jaipur’s defence, atop a picturesque hill 600ft above the city of Jaipur. The fort is also known as 'Tiger Fort'. It was later enlarged by Sawai Ram Singh II in 1868. The Nahargarh Fort lies north-west of City Palace and provides a breathtaking view of the city below.
While part of the purpose was to be a fortification, it was primarily built to house the 9 wives of the local Maharaja. Each wife had a separate apartment with its own kitchen. The palace has several similar looking quarters.
The Hawa Mandir and Madhvendra Bhawan are situated within. It is believed that this fort contains a great treasure. The beautiful paintings, mosaic work and stained glass work are still in extremely good condition.
Nathmal ki Haveli
The beautiful mansions built by Jaisalmer's wealthy merchants are known as ‘havelis’ and several of these fine sandstone buildings are still in beautiful condition. The late 19th century Nathmal ki Haveli in Jaisalmer, was also a prime minister's house. One very interesting fact about this haveli is that its two sides were carved by two brothers. Although the motif used by one is not similar to the other, they are in harmony. One has to look very closely to spot dissimilarities. The excellent craftsmanship of the stone carver is illustrated in the gossamer quality of the screened windows. Yellow sandstone elephants guard the building and the front door alone is a work of art.
Palace of Padmini
The fort perched on a 180 mts. high hill, covering 700 acres, was constructed by Mauryan rulers in the 7th century, in Chittorgarh. In the fort, this palace was built for Queen Padmini whose beauty was responsible for the battle between Allauddin Khilji and Rana Ratan Singh.
The Palace was surrounded by a large pool with quaint gardens surrounding it. The bronze gates of the Palace can now be found at the Agra Fort (Akbar took them away in 1568). According to Rajput tales, Allaudin Khilji is said to have been allowed to see Queen Padmini's reflection in the water, through a mirror on the palace wall. Just a glimpse of her legendary beauty was enough for Allaudin to lay siege to Chittor with a hope to posses her.
Patwon ki Haveli
The beautiful mansions built by Jaisalmer's wealthy merchants are known as ‘havelis’ and several of these fine sandstone buildings are still in beautiful condition. Patwon ki Haveli is the most elaborate and magnificent of all theJaisalmer havelis. It stands in a narrow lane and one of its apartments is painted with beautiful murals - unfortunately, at present, the building is closed up and not lived in.
Pushkar Lake
The Pushkar lake is situated on the edge of the desert and surrounded by hills on three sides. The lake is separated from Ajmer by ‘Nag Pahar’- the snake mountain. On this mountain the Panchkund and the cave of the saint Agastya are located. It is believed that Kalidas -the 4th century sanskrit poet and playright , chose the setting for his masterpiece “Abhigyanam Shakuntalam”, in this forest heritage. According to a legend, the lake was formed when Lord Brahma wanted to perform a yagna here. A temple dedicated to him can be seen here.
Sahelion – ki – bari
Sahelion-ki-Bari or the 'Garden of the Maids of Honour', so called because the royal ladies came here for a stroll, is a well laid out garden, with extensive lawns and shady walks. With flowerbeds lined along the picturesque park, this small garden is located on the lakeside of the second major lake of Udaipur, Fateh Sagar Lake.
The garden was constructed for forty-eight young ladies-in-waiting sent to the royal house, as part of the dowry. The garden has many fountains in its four delightful pools, sculpted kiosks and marble elephants. Its manicured lawns display a marvellous range of bougan villea and five fountains release showers in tune with their titles namely, 'Welcome'; 'Raining Cats and Dogs'; 'Rains in Midnight', 'Rains without Clouds'; and 'Gentle Shower in Mid Day'.
Salim Singh ki Haveli
The beautiful mansions built by Jaisalmer’s wealthy merchants are known as ‘havelis’ and several of these fine sandstone buildings are still in beautiful condition. Salim Singh ki Haveli was built about 300 years ago and is still partially lived in. This haveli was the residence of the powerful Mohta clan - the hereditary ministers of the Jaisalmer rulers. The blue cupola roof is distinctive and an exquisite projecting balcony adorns the top storey. Salim Singh was the prime minister when Jaisalmer was the capital of a princely state and his mansion has a beautifully arched roof with superb carved brackets in the form of peacocks. The mansion is just below the hill.
Sam Sand Dunes
Situated 42 kms from Jaisalmer, the sun-soaked Sam Sand Dunes bring to light a glided mirage. Truly the essence of the desert, the ripples of the wind-caressed dunes create an enchanting mirage. The best point of time is of course sunrise or sunset. Exciting camel safaris allow you to get the real feel of the desert on the camel back.
Sas Bahu Temple
The ancient capital of Nagda now only has the ruins of some Vishnu, Shiva and Jain temples to prove that it wasn’t behind when speaking of architecture. The most important temples that have survived the test of time are the Sas-Bahu pair and are said to be as old as the eleventh century.
Dedicated to Lord Vishnu, the Sas Bahu Temple are the most intricately carved temples and are ornamented and decorated with attractive figures and sculptures. Both these temples were built in the late 10th century. The Sas (mother in law) temple is much larger than the temple of Bahu (daughter in law) and has a torana (archway) in the front. It is said that the image of the Lord was swung from the torana accompanied by hymns on ceremonial occasions. They have been raised on a common terrace to face east towards the tank. The entrance to the temples is through a doorway with carved lintels and a multi-lobed arch at the centre.
10 other smaller shrines surround the temple of Sas while four lie around the Bahu temple. Both the temples have the same plan; each has an altar, a mandapa (columned prayer hall) with projections and a porch. The walls are mostly plain, except for the sculptures on the main projection. The sculptures are in two tiers – the gods Brahma, Shiva and Vishnu, surmounted by Rama, Balarama and Parashurama respectively. Though ruined, the brick towers have clusters of minute turrets. The mandapas and porches have sculptures and decorative motifs, in direct contrast with the plain altar walls. Relief images include the Dikpalas, maidens, amorous couples, narrative friezes as well as scenes from the Ramayana. The columns are richly ornamented and the ceiling of the Bahu temple is also not far behind in decoration and has eight female brackets. Porches in the larger temple have replaced the detailed stone windows in the mandapa of the smaller temple.
Sisodia Rani Ka bagh
The terraced Sisodia Rani Ka Bagh (the Garden of Sisodia Queen) is situated on the Jaipur-Agra road at a distance of 10 km from Jaipur. The garden is one of the many summer retreats built in 17th and 18th century by the royals of Jaipur. The garden was created by the queen of Jai Singh II, Sisodia Rani, as an escape from the court intrigues. It is a beautiful escape with landscaped gardens and murals of the life of Lord Krishna, decorating its interiors. Not far from here on the way to Galta are natural springs and temples of Lord Vishnu, Lord Shiva, and Lord Hanuman. It consists of tiered multi-level gardens with fountains, watercourses and painted pavilions. Amongst others, the best-preserved one is Vidyadhar ka Bagh, constructed by the builder of the city, Vidyadhar, with shady trees, flowing water, an open pavilion and suites of living rooms.
Thar Desert
Thar Desert, also known as The Great Indian Desert, the huge unending expanse of burning hot sand is spread over four states in India, namely Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, and Gujarat, and two states in Pakistan, covering an area of about 446,000 square kilometres. Deriving its name from 'thul' denoting the sand ridges of the region, Thar stands divided between Sindh region in Pakistan and Rajasthan in India.
A tract of rolling sand hills, the Thar Desert is bordered by the irrigated Indus plains to the west, the Aravalli Range to the southeast, the Rann of Kach to the south, and the Punjab plain to the north and northeast. Yielding salt and gypsum, the desert is formed due to the scant rainfall received by the region as a result of the dryness of the prevailing monsoon winds.
Receiving an annual average rainfall of less than 10 inches, the desert is largely a sun-scorched region of shifting sand dunes, broken rocks, and scrub vegetation. The sparsely populated region has a pastoral economy. In May 1974, India exploded its first nuclear device at Pokhran in the deserts of Rajasthan.
One unique feature of this desert is that there is neither an oasis in it nor any artesian well. No native cactus or palm tree breaks the monotony of the vast expanse. About 23 species of lizard and 25 species of snakes are found here and several of them are endemic to the region.
Some wildlife species, which are fast vanishing in other parts of India, are found in the desert in large numbers such as the great Indian Bustard, the Black Buck, the Indian Gazelle, and the Wild *** in the Rann of Kutch.
Umaid Bhawan Palace
Umaid Bhawan is a wonderful palace of beige sandstone, located in Jodhpur, built by Maharaja Umaid Singh in 1928 and designed by the President of the British Royal Institute of Architects. The Fort is a blend of several styles, merging pleasantly. All the trappings of Raj influence, pre-independence royal living are present. Royal auditorium ballrooms,a huge dining-room, gilded royal furniture, majestic tiger and deerskins on the walls of a gloomy library of old books, crystal chandeliers, stained glass windows, liveried servants and doormen and a swimming pool in the basement. There is so much to see and discover.
Outside, the manicured lush lawn, is splashed with rows of red and white flowering bushes. From the expanse of green grass, the huge central dome of Umaid Bhavan emerges most prominent, with the four corners peaked into columned minarets. Glowing in the late afternoon sun, this is another royal treasure of Rajasthan.
Vijay Stambha (Victory Tower)
Synonymous with the tradition of valour and chivalry, Chittorgarh or Chittaur, the capital of Mewar, was under the Rajput rule from the 7th to the mid 16th century. Fiercely independent, it was ravaged thrice, and each time like Phoenix - it rose again.
Allauddin Khilji was the first to plunder Chittaur in 1303 AD. Legend and history corroborate that this was because of his passionate desire to abduct queen Padmini. Yet, she, preferring death to dishonour, committed ‘Jauhar’ (self immolation) along with the other ladies of her court.
The most imposing structure within the Chittorgarh Fort is the ‘Vijay Stambh’ or the Tower of Victory. Rana Kumbha, one of the most powerful Mewar kings, erected the Vijay Stambh (tower of Victory) to commemorate his victory over Mahmud Khilji of Malwa in 1440, and the rulers of Gujarat. This exemplary piece of architecture stands on a pedestal of 47 square feet and 10 feet high, while the pillar alone stands at a height of 122 feet and is 30 feet wide at the base. There are 157 steps and the stairs are circular. It is believed that the tower took 10 years to be completed. The entire structure is covered with sculptures of Hindu deities and episodes from the two epics of the Ramayana and the Mahabharata with names given below each piece of sculpture. The same artistry but to lesser extent is seen in the inside where the staircase connects the various storey.
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